By Kurt Seifried [email protected]
Linux is not as susceptible to viruses in the same ways that a Dos/Windows or Mac platform is. In UNIX, security controls are a fundamental part of the operating system. For example users are not allowed to write promiscuously to any location in memory that they choose to, something that Dos/Windows and the Mac allow.
To be fair there are viruses for UNIX. However the only Linux one I have seen was called "bliss", had an uninstall option ("--uninstall-please") and had to be run as root to be effective. Or to quote an old Unix favorite "if you don't know what an executable does, don't run it as root". Worms are much more prevalent in the UNIX world, the first major occurrence being the Morris Internet worm which exploited a vulnerability in sendmail. Current Linux worms exploit broken versions of imapd, sendmail, WU-FTPD and other daemons. The simplest fix is to keep up to date and not make daemons accessible unless necessary. These attacks can be very successful especially if they find a network of hosts that are not up to date, but typically their effectiveness fades out as people upgrade their daemons. In general I would not specifically worry about these two items, and there is definitely no need to buy anti-virus software for Linux.
Worms have a long and proud tradition in the UNIX world, by exploiting known security holes (generally, very few exploit new/unknown holes) and replicating they can quickly mangle a network(s). There are several worms currently making their way around Linux machines, mostly exploiting old Bind 4.x and old IMAP software. Defeating them is as easy as keeping software up to date.
Trojan horses are also popular. Recently ftp.win.tue.nl was broken into and the TCP_WRAPPERS package (among others) was modified to email passwords to an anonymous account. This was detected when someone checked the PGP signature of the package and found that it wasn't quite kosher. Moral of the story? Use software from trusted sites, and check the PGP signature(s).
Back up your data, format and reinstall the system from known good media. Once an attacker has root on a Linux system they can literally do anything, from compromising gcc/egcs to loading interesting kernel modules at boot time. Do not run untrusted software as root. Check the PGP signatures on files you download, etc. An ounce of prevention will pretty much block the spread of viruses, worms and trojans under Linux.
The easiest method for dealing with viruses and the like is to use system integrity tools such as tripwire, L5, and Gog&Magog, you will be able to easily find which files have been compromised and restore/replace/update them. There are also many Anti-Virus scanners available for Linux (but generally speaking there aren’t any Linux viruses).
As stated above viruses aren’t a real concern in the Linux world, however virus scanners that run on Linux can be useful. Filtering email / other forms of content at the gateways to your network (everyone has Windows machines) can provide an extra line of defense since the platforms providing the defense against the threat cannot be compromised by that threat (hopefully). You may also wish to scan files stored on Linux file servers that are accessed by Windows clients. Luckily there are several good anti-virus programs available for Linux.
Sophos Anti-Virus is a commercial virus scanner that runs on a variety of Windows and UNIX platforms. It is free for personal use and relatively inexpensive for commercial use. You can get it at: http://www.sophos.com/.
AntiVir is another commercial virus scanner that runs on a variety of Windows platforms and Linux. You can get it from: http://www.hbedv.com/.
Trend Micro has ported this product to Linux and offers it for free download on their site. You can get it from: http://www.antivirus.com/products/isvw/.
Data Fellow's has ported their anti-virus scanner to Linux as well. You can get it at: http://www.datafellows.com/products/
Kaspersky lab's has also ported their anti-virus scanner over to Linux, currently in beta, available at: http://www.kaspersky.com/products.asp
Also see the email server section for setting up virus scanning of incoming email (very useful if you have windows clients).
Last updated on 1/9/2001
Copyright Kurt Seifried 2001 [email protected]